Vietnam Currency Protectionism Essay Example for Free

Vietnam Currency Protectionism Essay Vietnams decision to devalue its currency by 5 per cent last week to protect itself from undervaluation of the Chinese renminbi, and the worried response from Thailand and other Asian countries, suggests the move towards global trade conflict may already be unstoppable. As one group of countries seeks to gain or maintain trade advantage by manipulating their currencies, the historical precedent suggests that countries that are not able to devalue will respond with trade protection, especially tariffs and other barriers, and global trade will suffer. In the 1930s many, but not all, major economies imposed draconian constraints on trade which sharply contracted international commerce and almost certainly slowed the global recovery. It was widely understood then that the collapse in international trade would only worsen the crisis, and yet countries, seeking to protect their own positions, collectively engaged in behaviour that left them worse off. American economists Barry Eichengreen and Douglas Irwin recently published a paper examining the roots of the post-1930 surge in protection. They argue that during the 1920s and shortly after the onset of the 1929 crisis, several countries abandoned the gold standard and engaged in beggar-thy-neighbour competitive devaluations. These countries subsequently experienced rapid improvements in their trade balances and suffered much less from the ravages of the global contraction of the 1930s. But others, most obviously the US and European gold bloc countries, were sharply constrained in their ability to adjust their currencies. These countries suffered much of the brunt of the adjustment as imports became more competitive against their domestic industries, especially in relation to countries that were less constrained. These were also the countries that were most likely to resort to what the authors call the second-best adjustment mechanisms tariffs, import quotas, exchange controls, and so on. The exchange rate regime and economic policies associated with it were key determinants of trade policies of the early 1930s, they wrote. Countries that remained on the gold standard, keeping their currencies fixed against gold, were more likely to restrict foreign trade. With other countries devaluing and gaining competitiveness at their expense, they adopted such policies to strengthen the balance of payments and fend off gold losses. That should not surprise us. In a world of contracting global demand policymakers were concerned not just with measures to boost domestic demand but also with measures that allowed them to acquire a greater share of foreign net demand. The easiest way to do this was by devaluation. But countries that were unable to realign their currencies remained under pressure to find alternative ways of helping their domestic industries. They resorted to tariffs and import quotas. The same thing may be happening again. Of course no currency is any longer tied to gold, so there is no country whose ability to devalue, as in the 1930s, is limited by a commitment to maintain gold parity. But there are countries whose abilities to manage their currencies are nonetheless severely constrained. The US dollar, for example, is widely believed to be overvalued, especially in relation to the currencies of Asian nations. Because of massive intervention by Asian central banks, however, it is proving almost impossible for the dollar to adjust sufficiently, except against floating currencies such as the euro. This creates a similar problem for Europe. Although few analysts believe the euro to be undervalued against the dollar indeed, most believe it is more likely to be overvalued it is nonetheless forced to bear the brunt of US dollar adjustment by further appreciation. This means that both the US and eurozone countries suffer from currency intervention and competitive devaluations elsewhere, with little room to adjust. What can the US and Europe do? If Messrs Eichengreen and Irwin are right, they are likely to resort to the same second-best options available to them as countries locked into overvalued gold exchange rates in the 1930s. They will raise tariffs or otherwise intervene directly in trade, and it is pretty clear already that as US and European anger over currency misalignment grows, the recourse to protectionism is also growing. Nearly everyone agrees that a world that retreats into direct and indirect forms of trade protection is a world that is worse off and likely to recover more slowly from the global crisis. But the fact that everyone seems to agree on this point should not allay our worries. In the 1930s, it was also well understood that the crisis would be exacerbated by plunging international trade. This did not stop a descent into protectionism which put the Great into the Great Depression. Once again it seems we are going to make the same mistake. Countries that can expand their share of global demand by competitive devaluations are seeking to do so. Countries that cannot will almost certainly consider more direct forms of intervention. We should worry. Without serious global co-ordination, in which the US and Europe forswear protectionism in exchange for significant appreciation of undervalued currencies, rising tariffs appear inevitable.

Refutation To A Bias Suggestion :: essays research papers

Refutation to a Bias Suggestion "Some people suggest that the Bible, being a collection of texts written long ago by persons much different from ourselves, does not have much (or any) significance for modern people." The suggestion that the Bible is invalid simply due to its authors and era is absurd and bias. This statement is supported by God and all modern day believers. Almost any Christian you confront with this statement would most likely give you a blank stare. However, it is mainly non- Christians who would make such a slanted view of the Bible. I am an American. The authors of the Bible were not. Why should this influence my opinion in the least amount? Simply because the texts of the Bible are old does not void their validity. Although we may not share the same nationality with the authors of the Bible, we do share common beliefs and faiths. Taken from a different perspective, non-Christians do not share the same beliefs, obviously, or they would not make such statements. Another question one may ask themselves is exactly how different are the authors of the Biblical texts from ourselves. Is it their lifestyle or career that makes them so exotic in relation to us? Is it just because they spoke another language? They are children of God, just as we are. Science today is still discovering new evidence that proves the existence of a "mother of all humanity." We all share a common gene pool, we are all descendants of Adam and Eve. Since the beginning of recorded history, religion has had a profound impact on the present society. Romans, Greeks, Hindus, and Catholics have all molded their societies and laws around religion. As far as impact goes, look at the Spanish Inquisition. It is difficult for one to refute that Catholicism had little or no impact on the Aztecs of modern day Mexico. Even our laws today reflect the ten commandments given to Moses by God himself. We are forbidden by present day law in the United States of America to either steal or murder. Religion has powerful influence concerning the outcome of a child. The values and beliefs of religions are impressed upon youths. Some may be different from others, but most parents bring up their children into the same faith as themselves. Concerning the teachings of Christianity, the Bible is probably the most commonly used tool. Therefore, children raised in Christian homes will most likely be taught the values and teachings of the Bible, influencing them dramatically. Christianity is the most commonly practiced

Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Essay

â€Å"There are worse crimes than burning books. One of them is not reading them† -Ray Bradbury. In the past there were events that affected book writers. People will get together to burn books because they thought it was inappropriate or they were against their literature. Montag is a fireman in a futuristic society who would start fires instead of put them out. After he meets Clarisse a young girl different from all teenagers in that society Montag will find himself doing things he never did before. In Fahrenheit 451 Montag will have a huge change in his life that will make him different from other people. There were people who contributed to that change, people who Montag would never thought of meeting or people he had already knew. Clarisse had Montag analyzing his happiness and questioning himself which caused him to do things he never done before. When Montag and Clarisse were walking Clarisse asked him if he was happy with the life he was living. â€Å"Of course I†™m happy. What does she think? I’m not?†. Montag seems really bothered by the question Clarisse asked him. Montag is positive about his happiness, he knows he’s happy with the life he’s living He knows he’s â€Å"happy† but by someone else asking him that kind of question it doesn’t seem like he is. â€Å"He wore his happiness like a mask and the girl had run across the lawn with the mask and there was no way of going to knock on her door and ask for it†. Once Clarisse asked him about his happiness he started thinking about it and he knew he wasn’t happy at all. He thinks that Clarisse opened his eyes about it. Montag also feels like Clarisse was the one who took his happiness by asking him that question. Mildred proved to Montag he wasn’t really by the way she acts towards him. She was the one who woke him up and made him do something so he could have his happiness back. Mildred as a wife should listen to Montag and make him feel better. Instead Mildred would totally ignore him and seem careless every time he would say something. â €Å"†I’m hungry† â€Å"Last night† he began. â€Å"Didn’t sleep well. Feel terrible† she said. â€Å"God I’m hungry I can’t figure it† â€Å"Last night† he said again. She watched his lips casually. â€Å"What about last night† â€Å"Don’t you remember†Ã¢â‚¬ . Mildred doesn’t really listens to Montag He always tries to tell her something but she seems careless about it. He feels like he’s not getting the attention he wants from her. â€Å"â€Å"When did we meet? Where?†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"It doesn’t matter.† She was up, in the bathroom now, and he heard the water running, and the swallowing sound she made. â€Å"No, I guess not,† he said. This demonstrates that all this years of marriage meant nothing to Mildred. By her not remembering how they meet tells that Mildred doesn’t really care about their marriage. Faber encouraged Montag to overcome his fears not by giving him advice but by showing Montag he also feared. Faber was always the type to follow the rules so he wouldn’t get in trouble and face the consequences. Montag didn’t want to be a coward like Faber that’s how he overcame his fears. â€Å"For a little while I’m not afraid. Maybe it’s because I’m doing the right thing at last. Maybe because I’ve done trash thing and don’t want to look the coward to you†. Faber has never made a change in his life because he has always been afraid of the consequences. He tells Montag that he has to face his fears which make him feel like he’s doing the right thing for once. â€Å"â€Å"Mr. Montag you’re looking at a coward. I saw the way things were going a long time back. I said nothing. I’m one of the innocents who could have spoken up and put when no one would listen to the ‘guilty’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Faber is telling Montag that he never had the courage to stand up in what he strongly believes its right. He categories himself as a person who’s afraid by the consequences. In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Clarisse, Mildred and Faber had Montag doing things he never did before. They had him questioning, making him realize and encouraging him to get over his fears. He was doing things he never saw himself doing before in his life. Even though those things he do had its bad consequences he never felt that good about himself. Many people won’t confront their fears because they’re scared of the consequences but once people they overcome those fears there will be nobody who will stop them to do what they think it’s right. WORK CITED Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. Simon and Shuster paperbacks; New York, 2012

The Use Of Cell Phones While Driving - 1843 Words

It is known that the use of cell phones while driving decreases driver awareness and overall road safety, and in response to this knowledge, some states have passed laws that have prohibited the use of handheld devices. However, there are no laws banning hands free cell phone usage, despite research claiming hands free devices are just as dangerous handheld devices, but does their usage distract drivers enough to the point where states should legally ban the total use cell phones while driving? The following will introduce arguments for both sides of this topic, one for hands free cell phone usage and the other against cell phones usage entirely. It should be illegal to use hands free devices while driving because research from†¦show more content†¦Additionally, the cell phone group rated themselves worse in driving performance before and after the simulator. This indicates that driver performance is impaired by cell phone use and drivers generally know their driving is wors e when using hands free devices, therefore, the use of such devices should be illegal. Other evidence against hands free cell phone use while driving is simply that talking on hands free devices is just as bad as talking on handheld devices in relation to driver performance (Ishigami Klein, 2009). To determine this, Ishigami and Klein (2009) reviewed the results of several separate studies that investigated the impacts of handheld and hands free cell phone usage on the detection reaction times of drivers. These studies were: Abdel-Aty (2003), Burns et al. (2002), Consiglio et al. (2003), Haigney et al. (2000), McEvoy et al. (2005), Patten et al. (2004), Redelmeier and Tibshirani (1997), Strayer and Johnson (2001), Strayer, Drews, and Crouch (2006), and Tà ¶rnros and Boiling (2005, 2006). Consiglio et al. studied the effects of auditory distractions, such as cell phone, by measuring the reaction time of participants using a non-driving, braking task where participants released an accelerator and applied the brakes if a red light were shown. The control group performed the task without auditory stimulation. Strayer and Johnson (2001) examined the effects of phone conversation on reaction time with a computer pursuit tracking task.Show MoreRelatedUse Of Cell Phones While Driving860 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans rely heavily on cell phones to perform daily activities. Cell phone are used for phone calls, email, sending text messages, surfing the internet, and performing other tasks. It is unfortunate that many of these daily activities occur while a person is driving. As a result, an increase of accidents and fatalities have occurred because of the use of cellular phones while driving. Using a cell phone while driving is an epidemic that has taken our nation by storm. Most drivers believe theyRead MoreCell Phone Use While Driving1503 Words   |  7 Pagesforth over the lines or driving at very inconsistent speeds. You wonder what could possibly be causing the driver to drive so erratically. Is the driver drunk? Is the driver preoccupied with eating his or her lunch? Is the driver busy attending children in the backseat? Once you pull along the side you realize that was not the case, instead you notice the driver has a cellular telephone up to her or his ear chatting away, or even worse you pass and see the driver holding a phone texting, you pass byRead MoreThe Use Of Cell Phones While Driving1817 Words   |  8 Pagesknowledge that the use of cell phones while driving decreases driver awareness and overall road safety, and in response to this knowledge, some states have passed laws that have prohibited the use of handheld devices. However, there are no laws bann ing hands free cell phone usage, despite research claiming hands free devices are just as dangerous handheld devices. But, does their usage distract drivers enough to the point where states should legally ban the total use cell phones while driving? The followingRead MoreCell Phone Use While Driving990 Words   |  4 Pages Cell phones are integral to people’s lives in Canada because they are vital communication and entertainment tools. However, the use of cell phones has remained contentious, because texting and talking on the phone are associated with distracted driving. Distracted driving is, â€Å"defined as the diversion of attention away from activities critical for safe driving toward a competing activity† (Klauer, Guo, Simons-Morton, Ouimet, Lee Dingus, 2013, p. 55). Although distracted driving is also associatedRead MoreUse of Cell Phones While Driving824 Words   |  4 PagesIf you are driving at 55mph for 5 seconds in that amount of time you could cross a football field. People don’t understand how dangerous distracted driving really is. All states should have some sort of legal parameters of what happens when you get caught using your cell phone while driving. People should get a stronger/ harsher punishment for the use of a cellular device while driving. People are way more impaired when you are distracted and driving than you are drinking and driving. The problemRead MoreCell Phone Use While Driving1114 Words   |  5 PagesToday, we use our cell phones for just about anything and everything to include; texting, talking to our loved ones, and connecting with the rest of the world via social media. Cell phones have become a natural way of life to where we pick up our phones and use them like second nature. However, the dangers present themselves when we get behind the wheel of a car and carry these habits of cell phone addictions with us. If all states ban the use of cell phones while driving, then there would be a reducedRead MoreThe Use Of Cell Phones While Driving1509 Words   |  7 PagesSeveral states have enacted laws banning the use of cell phones while driving; an indication of the type of society America has become. These laws were put in place not only to keep drivers from taking phone calls, but also to deter them from posting their latest tweet or commenting on their friend’s latest picture. Social media is so ingrained in society today that many are unable to entertain a world that is devoid of such technology. With usage at an all-time high, the psychological effects ofRead MoreCell Phone Use While Driving Essay1816 Words   |  8 PagesThe study was attempting to determine the thoughts and behaviors that African American freshman college students in regards to cellphone use while driving. They wanted to know how the students thought cellphones (independent variable) impact driving skills (dependent variable). Research suggests that cellphone use correlates to higher likelihood of accidents. The study used 331 (195 females and 136 males) freshman students who held a driver’s license. The students were then given a questionnaireRead More Cell Phones And Driving: Dangers Involved with Cell Phone Use While Driving1036 Words   |  5 Pagesoften. Talking on the cell phone and driving has become a very popular thing these days. Technology is coming out with the newest phones that c an do everything for you and people are attracted to that. There are people that don’t have hands free and drive their car with only one hand, people that text and totally take their eye off the road and type conversations to each other. Bluetooth is another technological breakthrough where you wear an ear piece and can receive phone calls by one touch ofRead MoreStop the Use of Cell Phones While Driving854 Words   |  4 Pages13 2013 Many people driving don’t know that they can be so many wrongs they can be doing without realizing it. Plenty talk on the phone while driving, drink, text and drive. A lot of people even innocent people as well have had accidents involving one of those. Out of the three there has been one that has become more common, and it’s only increasing if people don’t put a stop to it themselves. A usage of a cell phone should not be displayed at any point while driving. It can wait many have had

Motivational Model Of Alcohol Use A Drinking Consumption...

Binge drinking is defined as a drinking consumption of over 5 drinks at a time (Presley, Meilman and Lyerla, 1995; Wechsler, Davenport, Dowdall, Moeykens, Castillo, 1994, cited in Fillmore, M.T. 2001), and there is an increase in frequent drinking and alcohol-related problems among students (Mohr et al 2005). With this severe impact, Kuntsche, Knibbe, Gmel and Engels (2006) points out that there is a long tradition about research on drinking motivations for young people. Broadly speaking, there are two motivational models of alcohol use (Cooper, 1994). One is the particular Motivational Model of Alcohol Use developed by Cox and Klinger in 1988, which presume that people drink in order to achieve an anticipative need. It promotes individuals to make decisions combined by emotional and rational thinking about whether to drink or not (Cox Klinger, 1988). The other motivational model is the assumption that drinking behavior caused by difference is characterized by unique patterns of antecedents and consequences(Cutter and O Farrell,1984). Based on Cox and Klinger’s conceptual model, Cooper(1994) gives a research to develop and validate a four-factor model. This research collected data from a representative sample of 1243 adolescents including blacks and whites participants completed a questionnaire including about 20 reasons for drinking, all related to four motivations: social motivation, enhance motivation, coping motivation and conformity motivation. The result supportsShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Alcohol Consumption on College Students1227 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ The Effects of Alcohol Consumption on College Students On a weekly basis, college students consume more alcohol to fit in with their peers. Prior research has shown how alcohol consumption can lead to negative effects. Typically, college students ignore the negative effects of consuming alcohol, in order to have a good time. College students are the point in their life where they are searching for new and exciting ways to fit inRead MoreAlcohol Consumption of University Students Essay1764 Words   |  8 Pages1. Introduction The following is a research plan that reflects on alcohol consumption of university students. It gives a literature review that will define the problem, prevalence, identify the implications, describe some of the previous studies that have been done on this field and what are their limitations. Introduce the current study, the research topic evaluating the effects of alcohol consumption on university students. Explore any gaps that may occur between the past and current literatureRead MorePsy Evaluation Essay11057 Words   |  45 PagesEcompanion Website. You can use the answers to check the answers you gave on your chapter study tests. Your final exam is on Wednesday, September 12, 2012; You will have from 8:15AM to 9:45AM to complete the final exam. There are no make up dates for the final exam. From Chapter 1: 1. According to Shavelson (2001), author of Hooked, which three words define harm reduction? A. any positive change B. recovery from pain C. a controlled life D. I’ m in recovery ANS: B PG1 2. The DSM-5 has made the followingRead MoreAgreeableness And The Facet Of Sensation Seeking : Clinical Considerations For Young Adults And Alcohol Use2701 Words   |  11 PagesSensation Seeking: Clinical Considerations for Young Adults and Alcohol Use Introduction Hemingway (1964) wrote in A Moveable Feast, â€Å"In Europe then we thought of wine as something healthy and normal as food and also as a great giver of happiness and well-being and delight† (p. 142). Numerous pieces of literature are ripe with references to alcohol and drinking. As a young Ernest Hemingway sat for hours in Parisian cafà ©s and bars, he would drink and socialize among other artists and writers. In searchingRead MoreReport on Tiger Beer3464 Words   |  14 Pagesproduct of Asia-Pacific Breweries Singapore, through SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis, competitors’ examination and its different marketing efforts by the company. This analysis is restricted geographically to the beer-consumption market in Singapore. Some recommendations are made at the end of this report with reference to the limits of the research for this paper. Company Profile: APB and Tiger Beer Asia Pacific Breweries (APB) produces a range of beers for sale in theRead MoreWine Consumer Behavior6601 Words   |  27 PagesRelative to the long history of wine making and wine drinking, the marketing of wine is in its infancy (Thomas and Pickering, 2003). With approximately 1,451,000 wine drinkers (WDB, 2004) Ireland is an attractive and profitable target market for international wine brands. This research aims to analyse the consumer behaviour of Irish wine drinkers, to provide marketers with an insight into the purchase choices of consumers. A profile of consumption patterns will provide marketers with valuable pointersRead MoreHuman Factors in Aviation8517 Words   |  35 Pagessignificant and increasing Answer:c 2. Information on drugs and alcohol can be found in a) AWN 3 b)AWN 47 c) BCARs Answer:b 3. 70 - 80% of the total focusing ability of the eye is carried out by the a) iris b)lens c) cornea Answer:c 4. At what distance should a person without hearing difficulties be able to hear an average conversational voice in a quiet room a) 1 metre (3 feet) b)2 metres (6 feet) c) 3 metres (9 feet Answer:b 5. If you have been prescribed new medicine by your doctorRead MoreSab Miller Corporate Strategy4168 Words   |  17 PagesCorporate Strategy SAB Miller Assignment by Matthew Jackson Table of Contents: Page 1. Assignment Cover Sheet 3 2. Question 1 4 3. Question 2 5 - 8 4. Question 3 9 - 11 5. Question 4 12 6. Question 5 13 - 16 7. Bibliography 17 Surname: Jackson First Names: Matthew William Subject: Corporate Strategy Date Submitted: 2008.05.05 I hereby declare that the assignment submitted is an original piece of workRead MoreGraphic Causes A Great Impact On The Consumers Mind3211 Words   |  13 Pagespeople are not only influenced by immediate circumstances, but also by their pasts and they also know that their consumers cannot return to the past, but they can try to preserve it through nostalgic consumption activities (Bambauer-Sachse and Gierl, n.d.) since, as stated by Orth and Gal (2011), consumption also acts like a regulator of the mood; meaning that consumers can regulate or calm their emotions by buying certain product and that’s exactly what the black and white adverstiment is all about,Read MoreEASA Modul 9 questions12203 Words   |  49 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   Option B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the Maintenance Schedule.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Option C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the Maintenance Organization Exposition.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Correct Answer is.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the Maintenance Organization Exposition.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Explanation.  Ã‚  Ã‚   CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.1. Question Number.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Which of the following is least associated with the study of human factors?.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Option A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ergonomics.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Option B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Health and Safety.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Option C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Human error.  Ã‚   Correct Answer is.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Health and

Autism And Asperger s Syndrome - 965 Words

In today’s society, many new discoveries having to do with the human brain and body are found every day. Autism and Asperger’s syndrome is just two examples of them. Not many people know what or if they have this disorder until it is properly diagnosed, each and every year. The real cause of autism is yet to be known, but better understanding the disorder might help. Someone who may not know much about what they are, could read and find out more about it. The goals of this paper is to help someone better understand the meaning of the disorders. Knowing the true meaning of what autism really is, might help the diagnosis of the disorder. The conditions of both of these disorders are similar but have different aspects. Autism is a type of disorder that has to do with intellectual disabilities and motor skills. Autism also has some physical disabilities as well. Another name for autism is autism spectrum. Working with someone in high school that had this disability, made me want to learn more about them. The causes of autism is not pin pointed, but scientists have a pretty good idea what it is. Autism Speaks is a website created by grandparents, Bob and Suzanne Wright, who have a grandchild with autism. They created this website to get awareness out about the disorder. According to Bob and Suzanne Wright â€Å"Most cases of autism, however, appear to be caused by a combination of autism risk genes and environmental factors influencing early brain development† (B. Wright S. Wright).Show MoreRelatedAsperger s Syndrome, Autism And Brain Anatomy1851 Words   |  8 PagesAsperger’s Syndrome, Autism and Brain Anatomy Eliran Nunez Ricardo Richardson Table of Contents Outline†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....4 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 Social Cognition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 Neurobiological Evidence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Genetic Evidence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13Read MoreAsperger s Syndrome Is Categorized As An Autism Spectrum Disorder1359 Words   |  6 PagesAsperger’s Syndrome is categorized as an autism spectrum disorder. It is a developmental disorder found at the higher functioning end of the autism spectrum. (Calero,Mata, Bonete, Molinero, Mar Gà ³mez-Pà ©rez, 2015). The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) defines autism as a â€Å"developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance†Ã‚  (HewardRead MoreStudents With High Functioning Autism And Asperger s Syndrome Learn Chemistry1893 Words   |  8 Pagessomething missing. There is no current research investigating how students with high-functioning autism and Asperger s syndrome learn chemistry. This is relevant due to the significant increase in students with HFA/AS that are enrolling and attending college9. A more in-depth understanding of how these students learn chemistry will benefit professors who have students with these disabilities. Autism is classified as a complex disorder which is characterized by difficulties in social interactionsRead MoreAsperger s Syndrome : A Look Into A New Face Of Autism Spectrum Disorders1579 Words   |  7 Pages Asperger’s Syndrome: A look into a new face of Autism Spectrum Disorders By John Grove Autism has many faces and facets involved in a complex disorder. Autism is a distinct group of complex disorders that involve issues with communicative disorders, social impairment as well as other complexities such as restrictive, repetitive, and stereotyped behavior. Autism Spectrum Disorders include disorders such as Asperger’s, Autistic Disorder, Pervasive Development Disorder, and ChildhoodRead MoreAutism Is A Neurological Development Disorder967 Words   |  4 PagesAutism is a neurological development disorder that affects one in eighty-eight people. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition(DSM-IV) there were five types of autism. They were all listed under what is called Autism Spectrum Disorder. People on the spectrum range from dysfunctional to functional. The most functional form is called, Asperger s Syndrome. People with Asperger s Syndrome have above average intelligence; the people on the other end of the spectrumRead MoreEssa y on Asperger?s Syndrome1037 Words   |  5 Pages Asperger’s Syndrome Today there are many different types of disabilities and syndromes. When you have a child to be diagnosed with a disability or a syndrome life can suddenly become overwhelming. This is especially true if they have been diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome. Parents sometimes feel guilty because their child has a disability or syndrome. Parents may feel that they are responsible for their child’s disability or syndrome. Parents may feel guilty about their child being diagnosed withRead MoreAspergers Syndrome Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesAspergers Syndrome Today there are many different types of disabilities and syndromes. When you have a child to be diagnosed with a disability or a syndrome life can suddenly become overwhelming. This is especially true if they have been diagnosed with Aspergers Syndrome. Parents sometimes feel guilty because their child has a disability or syndrome. Parents may feel that they are responsible for their childs disability or syndrome. Parents may feel guilty about their child being diagnosedRead MoreThe New Jersey Special Education Code Defines Autism Essay1387 Words   |  6 PagesIDEA 2004 defines Autism as, â€Å"Autism means a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three, that adversely affects a child s educational performance. Other characteristics often associated with autism are engagement in repetitive activities and stereotyped movements, resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines, and unusual responses to sensory experiences.† (IDEA, 2004) The New JerseyRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )798 Words   |  4 PagesAsperger s What is Asperger s syndrome (AS)? AS is a social disorder linked to autism which is often misdiagnosed as attention deficit disorder (ADD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) because of their similar symptoms. The name comes from Hans Asperger, an Austrian that examined autistic children and used the term autism to identify them (Grinker 56). According to Bibbi Hagberg et. Al. , Approximately, 30–50 % of individuals with AS have symptoms (inattention and overactivityRead MoreAn Understanding About Autism And Schizophrenia Essay1368 Words   |  6 PagesYou may think that autism is a disorder that was recently discovered. Yet, it has been around for decades, it is only now that there is more knowledge about the condition. There are documented researches, articles, and journals that come across different aspects of autism. Recently I have decided to do my own investigation because I too have a brother who is autistic. I have noticed that this condition is interp reted as a whole but there are more categories that fall into it. My goal in this paper

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Questions: 1.An assessment of the extent to which the procedures adhere to the standards of relevant codes of practice and Industry best practice. 2.An explanation of any changes/amendments you would recommend. Answers: 1.For best industrial practice, it is very important to understand the agreements between the employees and employers, as it may affect the organization in a huge manner. These agreements assist in outlining the organizational terms and conditions to the employees. The industrial agreement is not applicable on the awards and remuneration of the employees. However, the basic pay rate mentioned in the agreement will not be less. There award system may modify on the basis of their skills and abilities. The registered agreements are applicable until they are replaced or terminated. If the employees are not provided with proper awards and recognitions, it may mar the progress of the organization and also hamper its business structure (Purcell 2014). Employees must be protected from unlawful or unfair means of termination. They must be provided with workplace safety and security and it is the duty of the organization to ensure the wellbeing of both the employer and employee. If an employee faces any issue with the policies and procedures of the organization, he/she must feel free to refer the complaint in an appropriate manner, to the higher authorities. Following the complaint, a meeting must be arranged within seven days of working, where the matter needs to be discussed openly. In addition to this, the employees must be protected from discrimination, workplace bullying and other ill practices. The agreements must include matters like; flexible working hours, safe working conditions, conflict resolution processes, pay rates, overtime benefits and others. If an organization lacks all these, it will prove to be disadvantageous for the company itself (Saundry, McArdle and Thomas 2013). The first stage employee grievance procedure states that if any employee is having any issues, he/she can apply to the management. This includes; intellectual disability, mental and physical stress and more. Taking the matter into consideration, a meeting will be conducted and the decision must be conveyed within seven working days. A representative or colleague may accompany the employee. If the agreement does not reach in the first stage, the matter can be conveyed to the senior department. In the second stage, a meeting will be arranged in a similar manner and the decision will be conveyed to the employee within seven days of working. If the matter is not cleared in the second stage, it can be referred to the human resource department of the organization or the third stage. In the third stage, as per the instructions, a meeting will be conducted within seven days and the matter will be discussed. If the issue is still not resolved, the employee can refer to the rights commission, labor relations commission, labor court and equality tribunal that is the fourth stage. If an employee is terminated in an unjustified manner, he/she can take help of legal procedures. However, there are several disciplinary procedures which exist in this context. If an employees work or attendance or conduct is falling below the standards of the workplace, an oral warning must be given at the first stage. The warning will be removed after six months, after observing his/her performance level. In the second stage, if the employee still does not improve a written and formal warning must be given to him/her by the senior department. Written warning is more impactful and if the employee fails to improve himself/herself, the senior management team can take actions against him/her. However, it can be removed after nine months of continuous observation and keeping a track of his/her performance level (Hse.ie 2017). Even after this, if the employee fails to improve himself/herself a final written warning must be given by the higher authorities of the workplace, in the third stage. This will extend up to a period of twelve months or more, based on the circumstances. The final written warning will give a brief detail of the issues created by the employee (Gauri 2013). Failing to improve can lead him/her to severe consequences and the last stage of disciplinary procedure. However, in the last or fourth stage, if the employee still fails to improve, the higher authorities have the power to terminate him/her. The senior department will impose a dismissal or short of dismissal. This occurs in severe stages, when the employee fails to meet the requirements and standards of the work, even after continuous warning (Hse.ie 2017). It is the responsibility of the organization management to deal with such issues fairly as well as promptly. If any complaints are raised by the employees, the management team must handle the issues in a formal and professional manner. The senior authorities are highly responsible for handling such complaints in the manner, so that it does not affect the employees rights and duties. They must always be encouraged and motivated to raise their voice and opinion without any fear of dismissal (Bond 2015). If an organization is corrupted, it can never have a successful future. If the organization is unable to handle the employees issues effectively and efficiently, it will severely hamper its progress. Employees can take legal actions in such situations. However, referring to the third party is seen as the last resort. Managers must handle the issues internally ensure that no employee suffers from such situation (Mogorosi 2014). The workplace agreements help in resolving various issues between the employees and the employers. It helps in maintaining a safe and secured workplace, excluding unfair and unlawful contexts like discrimination, stereotypes and others. The safety of the workplace is totally dependent on the environment of the organization as well as their legal systems. If the organization lack strong strategies or policies, it will be difficult for both the employees and their employers to maintain a good environment (Wood, Saundry and Latreille 2014). Moreover, the employees will also not feel safe while working with the company. The employees can raise their opinion if they feel that the organization is ethically wrong. However, if any employee suffers physical issues due to work load, it is the duty of the organization to provide him/her with all sorts of medical facilities, counseling, treatment and other services. The organization must also grant paid sick leaves for the betterment of the empl oyee. Therefore, these agreements must be made before hand, in order to maintain a good workplace environment (Martin and Class 2012). 2.The code of practice has been designed to help the employers as well as the employees and senior authorities to deal with the grievance situations and disciplinary issues at the workplace. However, transparency and fairness must be promoted at the workplace, by using and developing several rules as well as procedures in order to handle the issues. These must be in written form, clear and easier to understand and specific to the point. In any cases, if any formal action is taken against an employee, it must be justified and reasonable. Employees need to be more cautious regarding such factors (Saundry 2012). For instance; if any employee faces a situation which contravenes the law, he/she should immediately inform the management in the first stage, instead of handling the situation single handedly. If it is not resolved he/she can move to the second stage and file a complaint to the senior management. If it is still not resolved, the employee should move to the third stage, or human resource department. However, if the human resource department fails to resolve the issue, the employee can now move to the last or fourth stage and take the help of third party. Therefore, the authorities need to be more active in each stage. Each department needs to see that none of the employees are facing any issues. However, if any discrimination or stereotyping occurs, employees can carry out investigative methods, to establish their points in the case. The employers must allow the employees to voice their opinion and views, fearlessly in the first stage itself. They must motivate and encourage their employees, so that the issues get resolved in the first place. Moreover, the employers must allow the employees to appeal against the formal decisions which are being made. Implementing such strategies will prove beneficial for the company and promote a safer workplace (Roche and Teague 2012). References Bond, T., 2015.Standards and ethics for counselling in action. Sage. Gauri, V., 2013. Redressing grievances and complaints regarding basic service delivery.World Development,41, pp.109-119. Hse.ie (2017). [online] Hse.ie. Available at: https://www.hse.ie/eng/staff/Resources/hrppg/Grievance_and_Disciplinary_Procedure_2004.pdf [Accessed 20 Nov. 2017]. Martin, C. and Class, R., 2012. Department of Health Human Services.Cdr. Mogorosi, L., 2014. Employee assistance programmes: their rationale, basic principles and essential elements.Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk,45(4). Purcell, J., 2014. Disengaging from engagement.Human Resource Management Journal,24(3), pp.241-254. Roche, W.K. and Teague, P., 2012. Human resource management and ADR practices in Ireland.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(3), pp.528-549. Saundry, R., 2012. Conflict resolution and mediation at Bradford MDC: A case study.Acas Research Papers,8, p.12. Saundry, R., McArdle, L. and Thomas, P., 2013. Reframing workplace relations? Conflict resolution and mediation in a primary care trust.Work, employment and society,27(2), pp.213-231. Wood, S., Saundry, R. and Latreille, P., 2014. Analysis of the nature, extent and impact of grievance and disciplinary procedures and workplace mediation using WERS2011.Acas Research Papers,10, p.14.